Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Neuroprotective Properties of Cardoon Leaves Extracts against Neurodevelopmental Deficits in an In Vitro Model of Rett Syndrome Depend on the Extraction Method and Harvest Time

doi: 10.3390/molecules27248772

Figure Lengend Snippet: Composition of the principal bioactive molecules in the three solutions of cardoon leaves extracts.

Article Snippet: Solvents, reagents, and standard solutions of bioactive molecules were purchased from Merck KGaA, Darmstadt (Germany) and used as received if not otherwise specified.

Techniques:

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Neuroprotective Properties of Cardoon Leaves Extracts against Neurodevelopmental Deficits in an In Vitro Model of Rett Syndrome Depend on the Extraction Method and Harvest Time

doi: 10.3390/molecules27248772

Figure Lengend Snippet: Abundance % w w −1 of each bioactive molecule measured by GC-MS. Data are the results of triplicated analysis and standard deviations are reported.

Article Snippet: Solvents, reagents, and standard solutions of bioactive molecules were purchased from Merck KGaA, Darmstadt (Germany) and used as received if not otherwise specified.

Techniques: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Neuroprotective Properties of Cardoon Leaves Extracts against Neurodevelopmental Deficits in an In Vitro Model of Rett Syndrome Depend on the Extraction Method and Harvest Time

doi: 10.3390/molecules27248772

Figure Lengend Snippet: Treatments of neuronal cultures with bioactive molecules. ( A ) NeuriteQuant morphological analysis of TDL and Endpoints of WT hippocampal neurons at DIV 6 (n = 4). From left, WT neurons treated with DMSO 0.1% (control condition), cynaropicrin, squalene, lupeol, taraxerol. First line represents neurons treated at the concentration of 5 µM (in DMSO 0.1%), second line at 20 µM (in DMSO 0.1%). Scale bar: 100 µm. ( B , C ) Quantitative data of WT neurons, reporting the average TDL per neuron (µm) and the average number of endpoints per WT neuron n = 44 images for a total of 4 independent biological replicates (cell cultures). ( D ) Number of WT neurons per each condition. ( E , F ) Quantitative data of MeCP2 KO neurons, reporting the average TDL per neuron (µm) and the average number of endpoints per neuron. n = 44 images for a total of 4 independent biological replicates (cell cultures). ( G ) Number of MeCP2 KO neurons per each condition. Kruskal–Wallis with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test vs. DMSO conditions. *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: Solvents, reagents, and standard solutions of bioactive molecules were purchased from Merck KGaA, Darmstadt (Germany) and used as received if not otherwise specified.

Techniques: Control, Concentration Assay

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Neuroprotective Properties of Cardoon Leaves Extracts against Neurodevelopmental Deficits in an In Vitro Model of Rett Syndrome Depend on the Extraction Method and Harvest Time

doi: 10.3390/molecules27248772

Figure Lengend Snippet: Workflow for phenotypic screening. Primary hippocampal neurons were plated at DIV 0 in 96 multi-well, and at DIV 3 were added D-Arabinofuranoside (ARA-C, Sigma) and treatments with extracts or bioactive molecules. Neurons were fixed in PFA 4% at DIV 6 and immunofluorescence (IF) was performed with anti-MAP2 (red), and anti-NeuN (green). Images were acquired using Nikon Eclipse Ti-E epifluorescence live imaging microscope equipped with Nikon DS-Qi2 camera, using 10× objective. Eleven random fields (3.0 × 3.0) per well were acquired and analyzed individually. Total Dendritic Length (TDL) and the number of Endpoints per neuron (EP) were measured with NeuriteQuant software, implemented as a plugin of ImageJ .

Article Snippet: Solvents, reagents, and standard solutions of bioactive molecules were purchased from Merck KGaA, Darmstadt (Germany) and used as received if not otherwise specified.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Imaging, Microscopy, Software